结论:注册报告不一定够用,目录申报可能要求额外的参数支撑
产品完成注册之后,进入医保目录或各类采购目录是另一个环节。这个环节对检测报告的要求与注册阶段有差别:
注册阶段。 关注的是安全性和基本有效性,报告要证明产品符合适用标准。
目录阶段。 关注的还包括产品的具体性能参数、与同类产品的比较、以及申报材料中声称的各项指标是否有据可依。
所以常见的情况是:注册用的报告拿去申报目录时,发现某些声称的参数在报告里找不到对应数据。 这时要么补测,要么调整申报参数。
两个阶段的差异
| 方面 | 注册阶段 | 目录申报 |
|---|---|---|
| 关注重点 | 安全与符合性 | 性能参数与比较 |
| 报告内容 | 符合标准的结论 | 具体的实测数值 |
| 参数范围 | 标准要求的项目 | 可能含标准外的性能 |
| 报告时效 | 注册周期内有效 | 可能有时效要求 |
| 比较需求 | 通常不需要 | 可能需要与同类比较 |
「具体的实测数值」是差别最明显的一点。 注册报告写「符合某标准要求」可能就够了,而目录申报可能需要知道具体测出来是多少——比如续航里程、爬坡角度、折叠尺寸、整机重量。
报告准备上的建议
第一,一次测全。 注册委托时就把可能用于申报的性能参数一并测了,避免后续补测。
第二,报告包含实测值。 不只写合格,写出具体数据。
第三,覆盖申报可能用到的参数。 提前了解目录申报关注什么参数。
第四,注意报告的时效。 部分目录对报告的出具时间有要求。
第五,参数表述统一。 报告、说明书、申报材料中的参数要一致。
第一条能省下明显的成本。 补测意味着重新送样、重新排期、重新出报告,而在原委托中多测几项的增量成本通常很小。
常见的不符情形
申报参数在报告中找不到。 最常见的情况。
报告中的数值与申报值不一致。 申报时用了设计值或宣传值,与实测不符。
测试条件不对应。 报告的测试条件与申报参数的定义不同——比如续航里程,不同载重、不同路况下差别很大。
报告时效不符。 报告出具时间超出要求。
报告覆盖的型号不全。 申报的型号未包含在报告中。
出具机构的资质不符。 目录对报告出具方有要求。
「测试条件不对应」是容易被忽略的问题。 声称续航多少公里,但报告中的测试条件(载重、速度、路面、温度)与申报要求的条件不同,数据就对不上。建议在委托测试时明确测试条件,使其与申报要求一致。
参数的定义要清楚
轮椅类产品的一些参数,定义不同结果差别很大:
续航里程。 载重多少、速度多少、什么路面、什么温度、电池什么状态。
爬坡能力。 多大载重、多长坡道、连续还是瞬时、什么路面。
整机重量。 含不含电池、含不含配件。
折叠尺寸。 拆不拆脚踏、拆不拆电池。
最大载重。 使用者体重还是含随身物品。
「含不含电池」这类问题在重量参数上很常见。 不同企业的标注口径不同,比较时容易产生误解。建议在资料中明确说明测量条件,而不只给一个数字。
报告的维护
目录申报不是一次性的,后续还有维护工作:
产品变更后的更新。 变更影响参数时,报告要相应更新。
报告到期的更新。 部分目录要求报告在一定时效内。
型号扩展。 新增型号要补充相应报告。
参数调整。 申报参数调整时,要有对应的报告支撑。
建议建立一份参数—报告对照表,记录每个申报参数对应哪份报告的哪一项数据。产品或报告更新时,对照表能快速定位受影响的内容。
与产品资料的一致性
申报材料、说明书、标签、报告之间的参数要一致:
技术参数。 各处的数值和单位要统一。
型号规格。 表述要一致。
适用范围。 预期用途的表述。
配置说明。 标准配置包含什么。
不一致会在审核中被指出,而修改申报材料比修改已出具的报告要容易。建议在申报前做一次逐项核对。
与招标的关系
很多采购通过招标进行,招标文件中的技术参数要求同样需要报告支撑:
参数的可验证性。 招标要求的参数,投标方要能提供对应的检测数据。
报告的符合性。 报告要覆盖招标要求的项目。
时效要求。 部分招标对报告出具时间有要求。
机构资质要求。 部分招标对出具机构有要求。
响应的完整性。 每一条技术要求都要有对应的证明材料。
建议在投标前把招标文件的技术参数逐条对照现有报告,找出缺口并及时补测。临近投标才发现缺数据,补测通常来不及。
报告的使用边界
检测报告有其适用范围,使用时要注意:
报告只对送检样品负责。 这是报告上通常会写明的。
不能超范围引用。 报告中没有的项目不能声称测过。
条件要一并引用。 引用数据时要带上测试条件。
型号要对应。 不能用一个型号的报告支撑另一个型号。
超范围引用在宣传中是明确的风险,建议在市场材料定稿前由技术人员核对引用的准确性。
需要提前了解的信息
准备目录申报前,建议先了解几件事:申报需要哪些性能参数;各参数的定义与测试条件;报告的时效要求;出具机构的资质要求;以及是否需要与同类产品比较。
这些信息决定了测试该怎么安排,提前了解可以一次做到位,避免后续补测。
我们的做法
承接轮椅委托时,如果委托方提到后续有目录申报的计划,我们会建议把可能用到的性能参数一并测了,并在报告中给出具体实测值和完整的测试条件。
测试条件的设定上,我们会与委托方确认申报要求的条件是什么,按该条件测试 ——这样出来的数据可以直接用于申报,不必事后解释条件差异。
如果你有轮椅产品需要为目录申报准备检测支撑,可以把申报需要的参数清单发过来一起看,或者直接联系:132 4819 8029。检测能力见服务介绍,产品分类见手动轮椅检测与电动轮椅检测,标准信息见标准查询。
English version
Conclusion. After a product is registered, entry into reimbursement or procurement catalogues is a separate exercise whose requirements for test reports differ from those at registration. At registration the focus is safety and basic effectiveness, and reports demonstrate conformity with applicable standards. At catalogue stage the focus also includes specific performance parameters, comparison with similar products, and whether the figures claimed in the application are supported. The common result is that reports prepared for registration, taken to a catalogue application, turn out not to contain data corresponding to certain claimed parameters, leaving supplementary testing or adjusted claims as the options.
Differences between the stages. Registration focuses on safety and conformity while catalogue applications focus on performance parameters and comparison. Registration reports may state conformity conclusions while catalogue applications want measured values. Registration covers the items the standards require while catalogue applications may involve performance outside those standards. Registration reports remain valid through the registration period while catalogue applications may impose currency requirements. And registration generally needs no comparison while catalogue applications may require comparison with similar products. Measured values are the clearest difference: a registration report stating conformity with a standard may suffice, while a catalogue application may need the actual figure, such as range, gradient capability, folded dimensions or mass.
Preparing reports. Test everything in one pass, covering at registration the performance parameters that may be needed for applications, to avoid supplementary testing later. Include measured values rather than only conformity statements. Cover the parameters applications may use, establishing in advance what catalogue applications look at. Attend to report currency, since some catalogues impose limits on issue date. And keep parameter expression consistent across reports, instructions and application materials. Testing everything at once saves noticeably: supplementary testing means submitting samples again, queuing again and issuing a new report, while adding items to the original commission usually costs very little.
Common mismatches. Claimed parameters absent from the report, the most frequent case. Report figures inconsistent with claimed figures, where design or marketing values were used. Test conditions not corresponding, where the report's conditions differ from the definition behind the claimed parameter; range, for instance, varies greatly with load and terrain. Report currency outside requirements. Models not fully covered by the report. And issuing body standing not meeting the catalogue's requirements. Test condition correspondence is easily overlooked: claiming a range in kilometres while the report's conditions of load, speed, surface and temperature differ from those the application specifies leaves the data unable to support the claim. Specify test conditions when commissioning so that they match application requirements.
Define parameters clearly. For wheelchairs, several parameters vary greatly with definition. Range depends on load, speed, surface, temperature and battery condition. Gradient capability depends on load, ramp length, whether sustained or momentary, and surface. Mass depends on whether battery and accessories are included. Folded dimensions depend on whether footplates and battery are removed. And maximum load depends on whether it covers user weight alone or includes carried items. Whether the battery is included arises constantly with mass: manufacturers state it differently and comparison misleads. State the measurement conditions in the documentation rather than giving a bare figure.
Maintaining reports. Catalogue applications are not one-off. Update after product changes where they affect parameters. Update when reports expire, since some catalogues require currency. Supplement when models are added. And support parameter adjustments with corresponding reports. Build a parameter-to-report table recording which report and which item supports each claimed parameter; when product or reports change, the table locates the affected content quickly.
Consistency with product documentation. Parameters must agree across application materials, instructions, labels and reports. Technical parameters must match in value and unit. Model designations must be expressed consistently. Intended use statements must agree. And configuration statements must describe the same standard configuration. Inconsistency is raised during review, and amending application materials is easier than amending issued reports, so check item by item before applying.
How we handle it. For wheelchair work where a client mentions plans for catalogue applications, we suggest testing the performance parameters likely to be needed at the same time and reporting actual measured values with complete test conditions. On conditions we confirm what the application requires and test accordingly, so that the data can be used directly without later explanation of differences.
Send us the parameter list the application needs and we will review it with you. Phone or WeChat: +86 132 4819 8029.