轮椅检测中的样品状态记录

结论：没有状态记录的数据，无法解释也无法比较

一份检测数据要有意义，读的人需要知道：这个数据是在什么样品上、什么状态下测得的。

状态记录不全会带来几个问题：

数据无法解释。 结果异常时不知道是产品问题还是样品状态问题。

无法比较。 不同批次或不同时间的数据，状态不明就不能直接比较。

无法复现。 复测时无法还原原来的状态。

追溯困难。 出现质量问题时，无法把数据与具体的产品批次关联。

所以样品状态记录不是形式工作，它决定了数据的可用性。

需要记录的内容

类别	记录内容
标识	型号、规格、序列号、样品编号
来源	送样还是抽样、送样方
生产信息	批号、生产日期、生产场地
配置	标准配置还是含选装件、各部件型号
状态	新品、使用过、经历过什么试验
外观	接收时的外观状态、有无损伤
附件	随样品提供的附件清单
参数	可调部件的设定位置
软件	版本号（含软件的产品）
电池	型号、容量、电量状态

「可调部件的设定位置」容易被漏记，但它对数据影响很大——座高、靠背角度、脚踏高度的不同设定，稳定性和强度数据都不同。

记录的时点

接收时。 样品到达时的状态，含外观检查和附件核对。

试验前。 每个试验开始前的状态，特别是可调参数的设定。

试验中。 试验过程中的观察和状态变化。

试验后。 试验后的状态，含损伤和变形。

阶段之间。 从一个试验阶段转到下一个时的状态。

「试验前的参数设定」应当逐项记录并拍照，因为设定的差异可能是数据差异的原因，而事后无法还原。

状态变化的跟踪

样品在检测过程中会经历多个试验，状态逐步改变：

累积的试验清单。 到目前为止经历了哪些试验。

磨损的记录。 轮胎、制动件、轴承的磨损情况。

变形的记录。 是否出现可测量的变形。

更换的部件。 如果试验中更换了部件（比如轮胎），要记录。

调整的记录。 试验中做过的调整。

这份跟踪记录在解释数据时很有用。 比如后期的制动数据偏低，查记录发现之前做过长时间的制动试验导致制动件磨损，数据就得到了解释。

配置的详细记录

轮椅的配置组合多，记录要具体：

座椅。 座宽、座深、坐垫型号与厚度。

靠背。 高度、角度、类型。

扶手。 类型、高度、是否可拆。

脚踏。 类型、高度、角度。

轮子。 前后轮径、轮胎类型、气压。

驱动（电动）。 电机、控制器、电池的型号。

选装件。 装了哪些。

「轮胎气压」这类参数容易被忽略，但它对推行力、续航、制动、舒适性的数据都有影响。应当测量并记录，而不是假定是标准值。

在报告中的呈现

样品描述部分。 完整的样品信息。

试验条件中的样品状态。 各项试验对应的样品状态。

照片。 样品的整体和关键部位照片。

配置清单。 详细的配置说明。

状态变化的说明。 如果某些数据是在经历过其他试验的样品上测得的，要说明。

「经历过其他试验」的说明很重要。 读报告的人需要知道某个数据是在全新样品上还是在做过耐久试验的样品上测得的，两者的含义不同。

与可追溯性的关系

与生产批次的关联。 样品对应哪个生产批次。

与材料批次的关联。 关键材料的批次。

与工艺的关联。 用什么工艺生产。

与供应商的关联。 关键部件的供应商。

这些关联在出现质量问题时很有用 ——如果某批产品出问题，可以查检测数据是在哪个批次上测的，判断问题是否在检测时就已存在。

常见的记录不足

只记型号不记配置。 同型号不同配置的数据混在一起。

不记可调参数的设定。 无法解释数据差异。

不记轮胎气压。 影响多项数据。

不记软件版本。 软件更新后无法判断影响。

不记样品经历。 无法判断数据是在什么状态下取得的。

不记录接收时的状态。 运输损伤与试验损伤混淆。

这六项建议作为记录的检查清单，每次接收样品和开始试验前过一遍。

记录的保存

保存期限。 与报告的保存期一致或更长。

保存形式。 纸质、电子、照片。

可检索。 与报告编号、样品编号关联。

照片的管理。 命名规则、与记录的对应。

变更的留痕。 记录如有修改应当留痕。

「照片的管理」容易松散。 拍了很多照片但没有命名和归档规则，后续需要时找不到。

委托方的配合

样品状态记录需要委托方提供信息：

生产批号与日期；配置清单；软件版本；电池信息；以及样品的来源和挑选方式。

「样品的挑选方式」值得说明 ——是随机抽取还是挑选的，这影响数据的代表性，报告中也应当体现。

记录不足带来的实际问题

复测时数据对不上。 状态不同导致数据差异，但无法确认原因。

审查时被质疑。 无法说明数据对应的产品状态。

质量追溯断链。 出问题时无法关联到检测数据。

报告的可用性受限。 其他用途引用时缺少必要信息。

这几项的共同后果是：数据的价值打了折扣，而记录的成本其实很低。

记录与报告的关系

报告中应当体现的样品信息，就来自这份记录。记录不全，报告中的样品描述就会笼统，而笼统的样品描述会降低报告的可用性。

建议把报告需要的样品信息列成清单，接收样品时逐项采集，避免出报告时才发现缺信息。

我们的做法

我们在接收样品时会做完整的状态记录——型号、批号、配置、外观、附件，并拍照存档。 这是后续所有数据可解释的基础。

试验过程中，可调参数的设定我们会逐项记录，因为这些设定直接影响数据，而报告的读者需要知道数据对应什么设定。

如果样品经历了多个试验，报告中会说明各数据对应的样品状态，特别是那些在耐久试验后测得的数据。

如果你在准备送检，想了解需要提供哪些样品信息，可以直接联系：132 4819 8029。检测能力见服务介绍，产品分类见手动轮椅检测与电动轮椅检测，标准信息见标准查询。

English version

Conclusion. For test data to mean anything, the reader must know which sample it came from and in what condition. Incomplete condition records cause several problems. Data cannot be interpreted, since an anomalous result cannot be attributed to the product or to the sample's condition. Data cannot be compared, since results from different batches or occasions cannot be set against one another without known conditions. Results cannot be reproduced, since the original condition cannot be restored for retesting. And traceability suffers, since data cannot be related to a specific production batch when a quality problem arises. Sample condition recording is therefore not a formality; it determines whether the data are usable.

What to record. Identification covers model, specification, serial number and sample number. Provenance covers whether submitted or sampled, and by whom. Production information covers batch number, build date and manufacturing site. Configuration covers whether standard or with options, and the model of each component. Condition covers whether new or used and what tests it has undergone. Appearance covers the condition on receipt and any damage. Accessories cover what was supplied with the sample. Settings cover the positions of adjustable components. Software covers version numbers where software is present. And battery covers model, capacity and charge state. Settings of adjustable components are easily omitted while strongly affecting data: seat height, backrest angle and footplate height all change stability and strength results.

When to record. On receipt, covering the condition on arrival with appearance inspection and accessory verification. Before each test, covering condition and particularly adjustable parameter settings. During testing, covering observations and changes in condition. After each test, covering condition including damage and deformation. And between stages, covering condition when moving from one test stage to the next. Record and photograph parameter settings before each test, since differences in setting may explain differences in data and cannot be reconstructed afterwards.

Tracking changes in condition. A sample passes through several tests and its condition changes progressively. Record the cumulative test list of what it has undergone. Record wear to tyres, brake components and bearings. Record deformation where measurable. Record replaced components, such as tyres changed during testing. And record adjustments made during testing. This tracking record helps in interpreting data: where later braking results read low, checking the record and finding that prolonged braking testing had worn the brake components explains them.

Recording configuration in detail. Wheelchair configurations combine in many ways and records must be specific. The seat covers width, depth and cushion model and thickness. The backrest covers height, angle and type. Armrests cover type, height and whether removable. Footplates cover type, height and angle. Wheels cover front and rear diameters, tyre type and pressure. The drive on powered chairs covers motor, controller and battery models. And options cover which are fitted. Tyre pressure is easily overlooked while affecting push force, range, braking and comfort data. Measure and record it rather than assuming the standard value.

Presentation in the report. The sample description section carries complete sample information. Test conditions carry the sample condition for each item. Photographs show the whole sample and key areas. A configuration list describes the build in detail. And a statement of condition changes explains where data were obtained on a sample that had undergone other tests. The statement about previous tests matters: a reader needs to know whether a result came from a new sample or one that had been through durability testing, since the two mean different things.

Relationship to traceability. Association with production batches links the sample to a batch. Association with material batches links key materials. Association with process links the manufacturing method. And association with suppliers links key components. These associations matter when quality problems arise: if a batch develops a problem, checking which batch the test data came from helps establish whether the problem already existed at the time of testing.

Common recording gaps. Recording model without configuration, mixing data from different builds. Omitting adjustable parameter settings, leaving differences unexplained. Omitting tyre pressure, which affects several results. Omitting software version, leaving the effect of updates unassessable. Omitting sample history, leaving the condition behind the data unknown. And omitting condition on receipt, confusing transit damage with test damage. Use these six as a recording checklist at every sample receipt and before every test.

How we handle it. We make a complete condition record on receipt, covering model, batch, configuration, appearance and accessories, with photographs on file. That is the basis on which all subsequent data can be interpreted. During testing we record adjustable parameter settings item by item, since those settings affect the data directly and readers need to know which settings a result corresponds to. Where a sample has been through several tests we state the sample condition for each result in the report, particularly for data obtained after durability testing.

If you are preparing for submission and want to know what sample information to provide, get in touch: +86 132 4819 8029.